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483Chapter 20 .HTML Directive Objects A long list of values are predefined for these properties, based on the corresponding attribute values specified in HTML 4.0. If the browser does not respond to a particular value, the value is simply ignored. You can string together multiple values in a space-delimited list inside a single string. Accepted values are as follows: alternate contents index start appendix copyright next stylesheet bookmark glossary prev subsection chapter help section styleSheet Value: Object Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . When a LINK element loads an external style sheet, the IE-specific styleSheet property of the LINK element object provides scripted access to the style sheet rules that belong to that external file. Use properties of the styleSheetobject (see Chapter 30) to access specifics about the imported rules. target Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . In the context of using LINK elements to point to other content associated with the current document (for example, the next and previous documents within a series), the target property can advise the browser which frame or window to use to display that content. For example, a suitably equipped browser can display a glossary in a separate window. No browsers currently implement these extended features of the LINK element, so the property is provided in browsers only for compatibility with the W3C standards. If the property were truly functional, it would accept values in the form of a string name for a frame or one of the window constants (_blank, _parent, _self, or _top). LINK.target
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482 Part III . Document Objects Reference Another way to swap style sheets is to modify the value of a single LINK element object s hrefproperty (although the property is read-only in IE4+/Mac and NN6). The property s value is a URL string. hrefLang Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The hrefLang property is an advisory for the browser (if the browser takes advantage of it) about the written language used for the content to which the LINK element s HREF attribute points. Values for this property must be in the form of the standard language codes (for example, en-usfor U.S. English). media Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The mediaproperty (not available in IE4/Mac) is an advisory for the browser about the target output device intended for the content to which the LINK element s HREF attribute points. This is an outgrowth of HTML 4.0 efforts to make way for future browsers and content that can be optimized for devices such as printers, handheld computers, and audio digitizers. The W3C specifies a preliminary set of constant string values for this property s equivalent attribute. So far, browsers (at most) recognize all (default), print, and screen. rel rev Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The rel and revproperties are intended to define relationships in the forward and back directions with respect to the current document. Browsers have yet to exploit most of the potential of these attributes and properties. For the most part, the attributes solely direct the browser to treat the external content as a style sheet definition file. LINK.rel
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481Chapter 20 .HTML Directive Objects Many of the properties of the LINK element object are script representations of HTML 4.0 attributes for the element. However, browsers don t take full advantage of the possibilities available from the LINK element yet. (For example, a browser can provide arrows to the previous and next documents in a series, as specified by the REV and REL attributes. But so far, no browser implements this.) Properties unique to this object offer scripted access (in various browser versions) to attribute values of the LINK element. Therefore, this chapter does not spend a lot of time on proper ties that are not in current use. Properties charset Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The charset property advises the browser about the character encoding of the content that will arrive from the external document (assuming you also have the HREF attribute set). Values for this property must match the encoding naming con ventions defined in an industry standard registry (ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/ iana/assignments/character-sets). disabled Value: Boolean Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . By changing the disabled property (default is false), you can turn externally linked content on and off. For example, you can define two different style sheet links in a document that has two tags with one s DISABLED attribute set. You can switch between the two style sheets by setting the disabled property of one to trueand the other to false. href Value: String See Text NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . LINK.href
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480 Part III . Document Objects Reference Properties Methods Event Handlers charset onLoad disabled href hreflang media rel rev styleSheet target type Syntax Accessing LINK element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About this object The LINK element (not to be confused with the A element that is often referred to as a link element when it contains an HREF attribute pointing to another document) has many potential uses in pointing to external documents that relate to the current document. Its most common usage today is for linking an external style sheet specification to the document. In fact, it s not uncommon for sophisticated site designs to use document.write()to generate the tag so that operating- system specific style sheets are applied to the page. In the following code fragment (which goes inside a document s HEAD element), the page loads a Macintosh-specific style sheet when the page is running on a Macintosh; otherwise, it loads a Windows- specific style sheet: While it may appear that the LINK element can load a variety of content into a page, do not use it for multimedia (in which case you should use the EMBED or OBJECT elements) or external HTML (where you should use an IFRAME element). LINK
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479Chapter 20 .HTML Directive Objects Properties Methods Event Handlers dynsrc form height hspace indeterminate loop lowsrc maxLength name prompt readOnly size start status value vrml vspace width Syntax Accessing ISINDEX element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About this object The ISINDEX element is a holdover from the early beginnings of HTML. It offered the first text input field prior to the addition of FORM and INPUT elements to the HTML specification. IE treats this element as if it were an INPUT element, so ISINDEX takes on all possible INPUT element properties (including those of buttons). This element is deprecated in HTML 4.0 and should not be part of your development vocabulary. Use forms and genuine INPUT elements instead (see Chapters 23 26). LINK Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. LINK
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Note 478 Part III . Document Objects Reference avoiding dynamic font changes by way of the BASEFONT element and use scripts to control style sheets instead. The BASEFONT element has no end tag, so IE s outerHTML property consists of all HTML in the document starting with the element itself. The three distinctive properties of the BASEFONT element object are rarely, if ever, scripted. Properties color face size Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . These three properties define the characteristics of font rendering for all content following the element s tag in the document. Color specifications can be hexa-decimal triplets or Netscape color names (a list is available at http://developer. netscape.com/docs/manuals/htmlguid/colortab.htm). Font faces can include a list of comma-separated font face names. And because this is HTML as opposed to style sheet fonts, the size property is in terms of the 1 through 7 scale of font sizes. You can also use relative sizes (for example, +1). On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM ISINDEX Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers alt border checked complete ISINDEX
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477Chapter 20 .HTML Directive Objects target Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The target property governs the default window or frame that is to receive any content coming from a server in response to a click on a link or any other element that has its own TARGET attribute. Valid values include the name of any frame (as assigned to the NAME attribute of the tag) or window (as defined by the second attribute of the window.open() method). You can also assign standard HTML targets (_blank, _parent, _self, and _top) to this property as strings. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM BASEFONT Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers color face size Syntax Accessing BASEFONT element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About this object The BASEFONT element enables authors to define a font face, size, and color for an entire section of an HTML document or the entire document. Although page authors still frequently use the BASEFONT element, font control in modern browsers should fall in the hands of style sheets. (The element is deprecated in HTML 4.0.) The paradox of this is that the BASEFONT element is accessible as a scriptable object only in browsers that support style sheets. Even so, I recommend BASEFONT
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476 Part III . Document Objects Reference Syntax Accessing BASE element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About this object The BASE element enables the page author to specify a default server directory and/or link target for the entire page. If you omit the BASE element from the HTML, browsers use the current page s path as the base URL and the current window or frame as the default target. Occasionally, a page generated entirely by way of document.write() has difficulty establishing the same BASE URL as the docu ment that generates the content, particularly if the primary page is written out by a server script (in Perl or in another language). Including a tag in the dynamically written new page solves the problem; the new page can fetch images or other external elements via relative URLs within the page. The two distinctive properties of the BASE element object are rarely scripted, if ever. Properties href Value: URL String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The href property is generally an absolute URL to the directory you wish to declare as the default directory for the page. Even though browsers automatically set the BASE HREF to the document s own directory, this object and property do not have any values unless you explicitly set them in a tag. In IE, changing this property after a page loads causes the page to re-resolve all relative URLs on the page to the new BASE HREF. Therefore, if images have relative URLs assigned to their src properties (either by way of the tag attribute or script), a change to the BASE element s hrefproperty forces the browser to look for those same relative URLs in the new directory. If the files aren t there, then the images show up broken on the page. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM BASE.href
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475Chapter 20 .HTML Directive Objects Properties Methods Event Handlers profile Syntax Accessing HEAD element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About this object The purpose of the HEAD element is primarily to act as a container for most of the other HTML directive elements. Other than as a reference point to the child elements nested within, the HEAD element object rarely comes into play when scripting a document. Properties profile Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The profile property is the script version of the optional PROFILE attribute of a HEAD element. While the attribute and property are supported in NN6 (that is, they exist), they are not used in practice yet. You can find details about the attribute at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#profiles. Related Items: META element object. BASE Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers href target BASE
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474 Part III . Document Objects Reference Syntax Accessing HTML element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) (IE4+/NN6) [window.]document.body.parentElement.property | method([parameters]) About this object The HTML element is the big wrapper around all other elements of the page. In the object tree, the HTML element sits between the all-encompassing document object and the element s most common children, the HEAD and BODY elements. Other than one deprecated property (version), the HTML element object offers nothing of importance to the scripter with one possible exception. When your script needs to use methods on the child nodes of the HTML element, you must invoke most of those methods from the point of view of the HTML element. Therefore, you should know how to create a reference to the HTML element object (shown in the preceding Syntax section) just in case you need it. Property version Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The version property is an artifact of an ancient way an HTML document used to specify the HTML version of its content. These days, the preferred way to declare the HTML version for a document is through a Document Type Declaration (DTD) statement that precedes the tag. An example of a modern DTD statement that accommodates HTML 4 plus deprecated elements and attributes as well as frameset support is See http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.2for several other possibilities. A DTD statement does not affect the versionproperty of an HTML element object. Related Items: None. HEAD Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. HEAD
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