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667Chapter 28 .The Navigator and Other Environment Objects About this object In Chapter 16, I repeatedly mention that the window object is the top banana of the document object hierarchy. In other programming environments, you likely can find a level higher than the window perhaps referred to as the application level. You may think that an object known as the navigator object is that all-encompass ing object. That is not the case, however. Although Netscape originally invented the navigatorobject for the Navigator 2 browser, Microsoft Internet Explorer also supports this object in its object model. For those who exhibit partisan feelings toward Microsoft, IE4+ provides an alternate object clientInformation that acts as an alias to the navigatorobject. You are free to use the IE-specific terminology if your development is intended only for IE browsers. All properties and methods of the navigatorand clientInformation objects are identical. In the rest of this section, all references to the navigatorobject also apply to the clientInformation object. Be aware that the number of properties for this object has grown with virtually every browser version. Moreover, other than some basic items that have been around since the early days, most of the more recent properties are browser-spe cific. Observe the compatibility ratings for each of the following properties very carefully. Most of the properties of the navigator object deal with the browser program the user runs to view documents. Properties include those for extracting the ver sion of the browser and the platform of the client running the browser. Because so many properties of the navigatorobject are related to one another, I begin this discussion by grouping four of the most popular ones together. Properties appCodeName appName appVersion userAgent Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . . These four properties reveal just about everything that browser-sniffing code needs to know about the user s browser brand, version, and other tidbits. Of these four, only the last three are particularly valuable. The first property in the list, appCodeName, defines a class of client that encompasses essentially every standard browser. The value returned by browsers, Mozilla, is the code name of the first browser engine on which NN and IE browsers at one time were based (the NCSA Mosaic browser). This information does nothing to help your scripts distinguish among browser flavors, so you can ignore the property. But the other three properties are the ones with all the goodies. navigator.appCodeName
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666 Part III . Document Objects Reference the IE for Windows methodology can be a bit roundabout. And yet the Macintosh version of IE5+ has adopted the approach initiated by NN3. Go figure. clientInformation Object (IE4+) and navigator Object (All) Properties Methods Event Handlers appCodeName javaEnabled() appMinorVersion preference() appName taintEnabled() appVersion browserLanguage cookieEnabled cpuClass language mimeTypes onLine oscpu platform plugins product productSub securityPolicy systemLanguage userAgent userLanguage userProfile vendor vendorSub Syntax Accessing clientInformationand navigator object properties and methods: (All) navigator.property | method() (IE4+/NN6) [window.]navigator.property | method() (IE4+) [window.]clientInformation.property | method() navigator
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The Navigator and Other Environment Objects Client-side scripting primarily focuses on the document inside a browser window and the content of the document. As discussed in Chapter 16, the window, too, is an important part of how you apply JavaScript on the client. But stepping out even one more level is the browser application itself. Scripts sometimes need to know about the browser and the computing environment in which it runs so that they can tailor dynamic content for the current browser and operating system. To that end, browsers provide objects that expose as much about the client computer and the browser as is feasible within accepted principles of preserving a user s privacy. In addition to providing some of the same information that CGI programs on the server receive as environment variables, these browser- level objects also include information about how well equipped the browser is with regard to plug-ins and Java. Another object defined for NN4+ and IE4+ reveals information about the user s video monitor, which may influence the way your scripts calculate information displayed on the page. The objects in this chapter don t show up on the document object hierarchy diagrams, except as freestanding groups (see Appendix A). The IE4+ object model, however, incorporates these environmental objects as properties of the window object. Because the window reference is optional, you can omit it for IE and wind up with a cross-browser, compatible script in many cases. Where the IE (for Windows anyway) and NN environments diverge significantly is in the way scripts can find out whether a particular plug-in or support for a particular MIME type is available in the current browser. As you learn in this chapter, 28 CHAPTER …. In This Chapter Determining which browser the user has Branching scripts according to the user s operating system Detecting plug-in support ….
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663Chapter 27 .Table and List Objects of the three that has anything special is the DL element, which has a compact property. IE4+ for Windows does respond to this attribute and property by putting the description and term on the same line if the term is shorter than the usual indentation space of the description. DIR and MENU Element Objects For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers compact See OL Element Object. Syntax Accessing DIR and MENU element object properties and methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ). property | method([parameters]) NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . About these objects The DIR and MENU elements are treated in modern browsers as if they were UL elements for unordered lists of items. Both elements are deprecated in HTML 4.0; yet, because they are acknowledged in that standard, they are also acknowledged in the W3C DOM (and the IE DOM, too). Originally intended to assist in creating single and double columns of text (long since supplanted by tables), usage of these elements has fallen out of favor and is discouraged. … DIR
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662 Part III . Document Objects Reference On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Item: OL.start property. DL, DT, and DD Element Objects For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers compact See OL Element Object. Syntax Accessing DL, DT, and DD element object properties and methods: (IE4+) [window.] document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6+) [window.] document.getElementById( elemID ). property | method([parameters]) NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . About these objects Three elements DL, DT, and DD provide context and (optionally) formatting for definitions in a document. The DL element is the outer wrapper signifying a definition list. Each definition term should be inside a DT element, while the definition description should be in the nested DD element. The HTML for a simple definition list has the following structure:

First term

First term s definition

Second term

Second term s definition

While there are no specific requirements for rendering definition lists by convention, the term and description are usually on different lines with the description indented. All three of these elements are treated as element objects, sharing the same properties, methods, and event handlers of generic element objects. The only one DL
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661Chapter 27 .Table and List Objects About this object An LI (list item) element contains the HTML that is displayed for each item within an OL or UL list. Note that you can put any HTML you want inside a list item, including images. Attributes and properties of this element enable you to override the specifications declared in the OL or UL containers (except in IE/Mac). Properties type Value: String Constant Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . Because either an OL or UL container can own an LI element, the type property accepts any of the values that you assign to the type properties of both the OL and UL element objects. See the OL.typeand UL.type properties earlier in this chapter for lists of those values. Exercise caution, however, if you attempt to mix and match types. For example, if you try to set the LI.type property of an LI element to circleinside an OL element, the results vary from browser to browser. NN6, for example, follows your command; however, IE may display some other characters. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: OL.type, UL.type properties. value Value: Integer Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The value property governs which number or letter is used for the current list item inside an ordered list. Employ this attribute and property to override the natural progression. Because these sequence characters can be letters, numbers, or Roman numerals, the integer you specify for this property is converted to the numbering scheme in force by the LI or OL element s typeproperty. LI.value
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660 Part III . Document Objects Reference Most of the special appearance of a list (notably indentation) is handled auto matically by the browser s interpretation of how an ordered list should look. You have control over the three possible characters that precede each item. Properties type Value: String Constant Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . A UL element can use any of three different leading characters. Each character type has a type code whose value you can employ for the type property. Property values are circle, disc, and square. The difference between a circle and discis that the circle is unfilled, while the disc is solid. The default value is disc. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: OL.type, UL.type properties. LI Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers type value Syntax Accessing LI element object properties and methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . LI
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659Chapter 27 .Table and List Objects

Three

1. Sub One
2. Sub Two
3. Sub Three

Four Indenting the HTML is optional, but it may help you to keep the nesting straight. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: start, UL.type, LI.type properties. UL Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers compact type See OL Element Object. Syntax Accessing UL element object properties and methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . About this object The UL (unordered list) element is a container of LI (list item) elements. An unordered list means that the list items have no sequence and are preceded by symbols that don t signify any particular order. The few element-specific attributes are being deprecated in favor of style sheet definitions. For the sake of backward compatibility with existing content, however, it is likely that many future generations of browsers will continue to support these deprecated attributes. These attributes are therefore available as properties of the element object. UL
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658 Part III . Document Objects Reference The start property governs which number or letter begins the sequence of leading characters for nested LI items. If the TYPE attribute specifies numbers, then the corresponding number is used; if it specifies letters, then the letter of the alpha bet corresponding to the number becomes as the starting character. You can change the numbering in the middle of a sequence via the LI.value property. It is an extremely rare case that requires you to modify this property for an existing OL element. But if your script is creating a new element for a segment of ordered list items that has some other content intervening from an earlier OL ele ment, you can use the property to assign a starting value to the OL group. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: type, LI.value properties. type Value: String Constant Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . . . An OL element can use any of five different numbering schemes. Each scheme has a type code, whose value you can use for the type property. The following table shows the property values and examples: Value Example A A, B, C, … a a, b, c, … I I, II, III, … i i, ii, iii, … 1 1, 2, 3, … The default value is 1. You are free to adjust the property after the table has rendered, and you can even stipulate a different type for specific LI elements nested inside (see the LI.typeproperty). If you want to have further nesting with a different numbering scheme, you can nest the OL elements and specify the desired type for each nesting level, as shown in the following HTML example:

1. One
2. Two OL.type
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657Chapter 27 .Table and List Objects Syntax Accessing OL element object properties and methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ). property | method([parameters]) NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . About this object The OL (ordered list) element is a container of LI (list item) elements. An ordered list means that the list items have a sequence and are preceded by a number or let ter to signify the position within the sequence. The few element-specific attributes are being deprecated in favor of style sheet definitions. For the sake of backward compatibility with existing content, however, it is likely that many future genera tions of browsers will continue to support these deprecated attributes. These attributes are therefore available as properties of the element object. Most of the special appearance of a list (notably indentation) is handled auto matically by the browser s interpretation of how an ordered list should look. You have control over the numbering or lettering schemes and the starting point for those sequences. Properties compact Value: Boolean Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . Although the properties are defined for the browsers just shown (not IE4/Mac, however), the compactproperty (and the deprecated attribute it echoes) has no impact on the density of the listing. start Value: Integer Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . OL.start
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