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795Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: style property. style Value: style Object Read/Write Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 . IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 . IE5 . IE5.5 . The style property of a rule (or cssRule) is, itself, an object whose properties consist of the CSS style attributes supported by the browser. Modifying a property of the style object requires a fairly long reference, as in document.styleSheets[0].rules[0].style.color = red Any change you make to the rule s styleproperties is reflected in the rendered style of whatever elements are denoted by the rule s selector. If you want to change the style of just one element, then access the style property of just that element. Style values applied directly to an element override whatever style sheet style values are associated with the element. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: style object. type Value: Integer Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The W3C DOM defines several classes of style sheet rules. To make it easier for a script to identify the kind of cssRule it is working with, the typeproperty returns an integer whose value is associated with one of the known cssRule types. While not all of these rule types may be implemented in NN6, the complete W3C DOM list is as follows: ruleObject.type
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794 Part III . Document Objects Reference NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . ( ) The parentStyleSheet property is a reference to the styleSheet object that contains the current cssRule object. This property is available in NN6 and IE5/Macintosh. The return value is a reference to a styleSheet object, from which scripts can read and write properties related to the entire style sheet. Related Items: parentRule property. readOnly Value: Boolean Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The readOnly property s name is a bit misleading. Its Boolean value lets your script know whether the current rule s styleSheet was embedded in the document by way of the STYLE element or brought in from an external file via the LINK ele ment or @import rule. When embedded by a STYLE element, the readOnlyprop erty is false; for style sheets defined outside the page, the property is true. But a value of true doesn t mean that your scripts cannot modify the style properties. Style properties can still be modified on the fly, but of course the changes are not reflected in the external file from which the initial settings came. Related Items: styleSheet.readOnly property. selectorText Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The selectorText property returns only the selector portion of a style sheet rule. The value is a string, and if the selector contains multiple, space-delimited items, the selectorTextvalue returns the same space-delimited string. For selectors that are applied to classes (preceded by a period) or ids (preceded by a crosshatch), those leading characters are returned as part of the string as well. If you want to change the selector for a rule, removing the original rule and adding a new one in its place is better. You can always preserve the styleproperty of the original rule and assign the style to the new rule. ruleObject.selectorText
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793Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects Syntax Accessing rule or cssRule object properties: (IE4+) document.styleSheets[index].rules[index].property (IE5-Mac/NN6+) document.styleSheets[index].cssRules[index].property About these objects The rule and cssRule objects are different object model names for the same objects. For IE4+, the object is known as a rule (and a collection of them the rules collection); for NN6 (and IE5/Mac), the object follows the W3C DOM recommenda tion, calling the object a cssRule (and a collection of them the cssRules collection). For the remainder of this section, they will be referred to generically as the rule object. A rule object has two major components. The first is the selector text, which governs which element(s) are to be influenced by the style rule. The second com ponent is the style definition, with its set of semicolon-delimited attribute:value pairs. In both the IE4+ and NN6 object models, the style definition is treated as an object: the style object, which has tons of properties representing the style attributes available in the browser. The styleobject that belongs to a rule object is precisely the same styleobject that is associated with every HTML element object. Accessing style properties of a style sheet rule requires a fairly long refer ence, as in document.styleSheets[0].rules[0].style.color = red but the format follows the logic of JavaScript s dot-syntax to the letter. Properties cssText Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . ( ) The cssText property returns the full text of the current cssRule object. This property is available in NN6 and IE5/Macintosh. While the text returned from this property can be parsed to locate particular strings, it is easier and more reliable to access individual style properties and their values via the styleproperty of a cssRule object. Related Items: style property. parentStyleSheet Value: styleSheet Object Read-Only ruleObject.parentStyleSheet
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792 Part III . Document Objects Reference deleteRule(index) insertRule( rule , index) Returns: Integer (for insertRule()). NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The insertRule() method appends or inserts a style sheet rule into the current styleSheet object. The first parameter is a string containing the style rule as it would normally appear in a style sheet, including the selector and curly braces sur rounding the semicolon-delimited list of style attribute:valuepairs. You must supply an index location within the cssRulesarray where the new rule is to be inserted. If you want to append the rule to the end of the list, use the length property of the cssRules collection for the parameter. The order of rules in a styleSheet object can influence the cascading order of overlapping style sheet rules (meaning multiple rules that apply to the same elements). The return value is an index for the position of the inserted rule. To remove a rule from a styleSheet object s cssRulescollection, invoke the deleteRule() method. Exercise some care here, because you must have the cor rect index value for the rule that you want to remove. Your script could use a for loop to iterate through the cssRulescollection, looking for a match of the selectorText property (assuming that you have unique selectors). The index for the matching rule can then be used as the parameter to deleteRule(). This method returns no value. For IE4+, the corresponding methods are called addRule()and removeRule(). Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: addRule(), removeRule() methods. cssRule and rule Objects On the CD-ROM Properties Methods Event Handlers cssText parentStyleSheet readOnly selectorText style type ruleObject
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791Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects appended to the end of rules in the styleSheet object. Or you can specify an integer as the index of the position within the rules collection where the rule should be inserted. The order of rules in a styleSheet object can influence the cascading order of overlapping style sheet rules (that is, multiple rules that apply to the same elements). The value returned by the method is an integer representing the index position of the new rule within the rules collection of the styleSheet. If you need subsequent access to the new rule, you can preserve the value returned by the addImport() method and use it as the index to the rulescollection. Related Items: addRule() method. addRule( selector , styleSpec [, index]) removeRule(index) Returns: Integer (for addRule()). NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The addRule() method appends or inserts a style sheet rule into the current styleSheet object. The first two parameters are strings for the two components of every rule: the selector and the style specification. Any valid selector, including multiple, space-delimited selectors, is permitted. For the style specification, the string should contain the semicolon-delimited list of style attribute:value pairs, but without the curly braces that surround the specification in a regular style sheet rule. If you omit the last parameter, the rule is appended to the end of the rules collection for the style sheet. Or, you can specify an integer index value signifying the position within the rules collection where the new rule should go. The order of rules in a styleSheet object can influence the cascading order of overlapping style sheet rules (meaning multiple rules that apply to the same elements). The return value conveys no meaningful information. To remove a rule from a styleSheet object s rulescollection, invoke the removeRule() method. Exercise some care here, because you must have the correct index value for the rule that you want to remove. Your script can use a for loop to iterate through the rules collection, looking for a match of the selectorText property (assuming that you have unique selectors). The index for the matching rule can then be used as the parameter to removeRule(). This method returns no value. For NN6, the corresponding methods are called insertRule()and deleteRule(). On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: deleteRule(), insertRule() methods. styleSheetObject.addRule()
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790 Part III . Document Objects Reference title Value: String Read/Write Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 . IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 . IE5 . IE5.5 . If you assign a value to the TITLEattribute of a STYLE element or a LINK element that loads a style sheet, that string value filters down to the title property of the styleSheet object. You can use the string value as a kind of identifier, but it is not usable as a true identifier that you can use as an index to the styleSheetsarray. In visible HTML elements, the TITLE attribute usually sets the text that displays with the tooltip over the element. But for the unseen STYLE and LINK elements, the attribute has no impact on the rendered display of the page. Therefore, you can use this attribute and corresponding property to convey any string value you want. Related Items: title property of all HTML elements. type Value: String Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The type property of a styleSheet object picks up the TYPEattribute of the STYLE or LINK element that embeds a style sheet into the page. Unless you are experimenting with some new types of style sheet language (assuming it is even supported in the browser), the value of the type property is text/css. Related Items: None. Methods addImport( URL [, index]) Returns: Integer. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The addImport() method lets you add an @import rule to a styleSheet object. A required first parameter is the URL of the external .css file that contains one or more style sheet rules. If you omit the second parameter, the @import rule is styleSheetObject.addImport()
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789Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects readOnly Value: Boolean Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The readOnly property s name is a bit misleading. Its Boolean value lets your script know whether the current style sheetwas embedded in the document by way of the STYLE element or brought in from an external file via the LINK element or @import rule. When embedded by a STYLE element, the readOnly property is false; for style sheets defined outside the page, the property is true. But a value of true doesn t mean that your scripts cannot modify the style properties. Style properties can still be modified on the fly, but of course the changes will not be reflected in the external file from which the initial settings came. Related Items: owningElement property. rules Value: Array of rule Objects Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The rules property returns an array of all rule objects (other than @rules) defined in the current style sheet. The order of rule objects in the array is based on source code order of the rules defined in the STYLE element or in the external file. Use the rules array as the primary way to reference an individual rule inside a style sheet. If you use a forloop to iterate through all rules in search of a particular rule, you will most likely be looking for a match of the rule object s selectorText property. This assumes, of course, that each selector is unique within the style sheet. Using unique selectors is good practice, but no restrictions prevent you from reusing a selector name in a style sheet for additional style information applied to the same selector elements. The corresponding property name for NN6 is cssRules. IE5/Mac responds to both the rulesand cssRules properties. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: rule object; cssRules property. styleSheetObject.rules
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788 Part III . Document Objects Reference pages Value: Array of @page Rules Read-Only Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 . An @page style rule defines the dimensions and margins for printed versions of a Web page. The pages property returns a collection of @page rules contained by the current styleSheet object. If no @pagerules are defined in the style sheet, the array has a length of zero. While an @page rule has the same properties as any rule object, it has one more read-only property, the pseudoClassproperty, which returns any pseudo-class definitions in the rule. For example, the following @page rules define different rectangle specifications for the left and right printed pages: @page :left {margin-left:4cm; margin-right:3cm;} @page :right {margin-left:3cm; margin-right:4cm;} Values for the pseudoClass property of these two page rules are :leftand :right, respectively. To the W3C DOM, an @page rule is just another rule object, but one whose type property returns page. For more information about the paged media specification, see http://www. w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/page.html. Related Items: None. parentStyleSheet Value: styleSheet Object Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . An imported style sheet is present thanks to the hosting of a styleSheet object created by a STYLE or LINK element. That host styleSheet object is referenced by the parentStyleSheetproperty. For most styleSheet objects (that is, those not imported via the @import rule), the parentStyleSheet property is null. Take note of the distinction between the parentStyleSheet property, which points to a styleSheet object, and the various properties that refer to the HTML element that owns the styleSheet object. Related Items: None. styleSheetObject.parentStyleSheet
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787Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: ownerRule, owningElement property. ownerRule Value: cssRule Object Read-Only Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 . IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 The ownerRule property applies to a styleSheet object that has been imported into a document via the @importrule. The property returns a reference to the @import rule responsible for loading the external style sheet. There is an interac tion between the ownerRule and ownerNodeproperties in that an imported rule has an ownerRule but its ownerNode property is null; conversely, a regular styleSheet has an ownerNode, but its ownerRule property is null. Note that NN6 does not expose imported style sheets as objects, so this property is not yet appli cable to NN. Related Items: ownerNode property. owningElement Value: Element Reference Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The owningElement property is a reference to the element object in which the styleSheet object is defined. For styleSheet objects defined inside STYLE and LINK elements, the owningElement property is a reference to that element. The corresponding property in NN6+ is ownerNode. Oddly, IE5/Mac has an additional, misnamed property called owningNode, whose value equals that of the owningElement property. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: ownerNode property. styleSheetObject.owningElement
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786 Part III . Document Objects Reference added to the document.styleSheets collection, so that references to an imported styleSheet object must be through the document.styleSheets[i].imports[i] array. An import object is, itself, a styleSheet object. All properties and methods appli cable to a styleSheet object also apply to an importobject. Therefore, if you want to load a different external style sheet into the page, you can assign the new URL to the imported styleSheet object s hrefproperty: document.styleSheets[0].imports[0].href = alternate.css Modifications of this nature work in IE for Windows, but not in IE/Mac as of Version 5. Related Items: styleSheet object. media Value: See Text Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . CSS style sheets can be defined to apply to specific output media, such as the video display screen, printer, and, in the future, devices such as speech synthesiz ers or Braille generators. A style sheet gets this direction from the MEDIA attribute of a STYLE or LINK element. That value is represented in the mediaproperty of the styleSheet object. In IE4+, the media property value is a string with one of three possible values: screen, printer, all. The W3C DOM and NN6 take this one step further by allow ing for potentially multiple values being assigned to the MEDIA attribute. The NN6 value is an array of string media names. Related Items: None. ownerNode Value: Node Reference Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The ownerNode property is a reference to the document node in which the styleSheet object is defined. For styleSheet objects defined inside STYLE and LINK elements, the ownerNodeproperty is a reference to that element. The corresponding property in IE4+ is owningElement. Oddly, IE5/Mac has an additional, misnamed property called owningNode, whose value equals that of the owningElement property. styleSheetObject.ownerNode
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